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Six Sigma Analyze Phase

Six Sigma aims to define the causes of defects, measure those defects, and analyze them so that they can be reduced.We will consider five specific types of analysis that will help to promote the goals of the project. These are source, process, data, resource, and communication analysis. Now we will see them in detail:

1. Source Analysis:

This is also called root cause analysis and attempts to find defects that are derived from the sources of information or work generation. After finding the root cause of the problem, attempts are made to resolve the problem before we expect to eliminate defects from the product.

THE THREE STEPS TO ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS

  • The open step: During this phase of root cause analysis, the project team brainstorms all the possible explanations for current sigma performance.
  • The narrow step: During this phase, the project team narrows the list of possible explanations for current sigma performance.
  • The close step: During this phase, the project team validates the narrowed list of explanations that explain sigma performance.

2. Process Analysis:

Analyze the numbers to find out how well or poorly the processes are working, compared to what's possible and what the competition is doing.
Process analysis includes creating a more detailed process map and analyzing the more detailed map for where the greatest inefficiencies exist.
The source analysis is often difficult to distinguish from process analysis.The process refers to the precise movement of materials, information, or requests from one place to another.
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Six Sigma - Measure Phase

During Measure Phase the overall performance of the Core Business Process is measured.
There are three important part of Measure Phase.

(1) Data Collection Plan and Data Collection

A data collection plan is prepared to collect required data. This plan includes what type of data needs to be collected, what are the sources of data etc., The reason to collect data is to identify areas where current processes need to be improved.
You collect data from three primary sources: input, process, and output.
  • The input source is where the process is generated.
  • Process data refers to tests of efficiency: the time requirements, cost, value, defects or errors, and labor spent on the process.
  • Output is a measurement of efficiency.

(2) Data evaluation:

At this stage, collected data is evaluated and sigma is calculated. This gives approximate number of defects.
  • A Six Sigma defect is defined as anything outside of customer specifications.
  • A Six Sigma opportunity is the total quantity of chances for a defect.
First we calculate Defects Per Million Opportunities (DPMO) and based on that a Sigma is decided from a predefined table:
                   Number of defects 
DPMO =   ------------------------------------------- x 1,000,000
           Number of Units x Number of opportunities
As stated above, here Number for defects is total number of defects found, Number of Units is the number of units produced and number of opportunities means the number of ways to generate defects.
For example: The food ordering delivery project team examines 50 deliveries and finds out the following:
  • Delivery is not on time (13)
  • Ordered food is not according to the order (3)
  • Food is not fresh (0)
So now DPMO will be as follows:
         13 + 3
DPMO = ----------- x 1,000,000 = 106,666.7
         50 x 3
According to the Yield to Sigma Conversion Table given below 106,666.7 defects per million opportunities is equivalent to a sigma performance of between 2.7 and 2.8.
This is the method used for measuring results as we proceed through a project. This beginning point enables us to locate the cause and effect of those processes and to seek defect point so that the procedure can be improved.
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